Cannabis flowering phase: all about recognition, care and harvesting
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cannabis flowering phase: all about recognition, care and harvesting
The flowering phase is one of the most exciting and important phases in the life cycle of the cannabis plant. It begins when the plant transitions from the vegetative phase to Flower, triggered by a change in the light cycle to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. During this time, the plant concentrates on the production of Flowers, which are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes. The quality and quantity of Flowers depend heavily on the care and conditions during this phase. Factors such as light, temperature, humidity and nutrient supply play a decisive role in the success of the flowering phase. In the following sections, we will go into detail about the different phases and important aspects of Flower.
Cannabis plant Flower
Pre-flowering (week 1-2)
The pre-flowering phase marks the start of the flowering period and lasts around one to two weeks. During this phase, the cannabis plant begins to develop its sexual characteristics, which is crucial for the later harvest.
Identification of male and female plants
Identifying the sex of the plants is particularly important in the pre-flowering phase. Female plants produce the coveted Flowers, while male plants develop pollen sacs that can lead to pollination. Pollination of female plants leads to seed formation and reduces the quality of the Flowers.
Female plants:
- Female plants form small, white hairs (pistils) at the nodes of the branches. These hairs are the precursors of the later Flowers and indicate that the plant is female.
Male plants:
- Male plants develop round pollen sacs that appear in groups. These sacs contain the pollen that can pollinate the female plants. As soon as the male characteristics are recognisable, these plants should be removed to prevent pollination.
First signs of the Flower
The first signs of the flowering phase are visible when the plants start to show their sexual characteristics. This usually happens within the first two weeks after switching to the 12/12 light cycle.
Characteristics of the pre-flowering stage:
- The plant slows down its vegetative growth and concentrates its energy on flower production.
- The first flower buds appear at the nodes of the branches where the leaves meet the main stem.
- The female plants develop tiny, hair-like structures (pistils), which eventually develop into fully mature Flowers.
During this phase, it is important to keep a close eye on the plants and carry out regular checks to determine the sex of the plants and remove the male plants in good time. This ensures an unpollinated and high-quality harvest.
The pre-flowering phase lays the foundation for the following weeks of Flower and is crucial for the health and yield of the plant.
Flower development (week 3-4)
During flowering development, the cannabis plant concentrates on further expanding its inflorescences. This phase is decisive for the quality and quantity of the harvest, as the basis for the later Flowers is formed here.
Growth of the inflorescences
In the third and fourth week of the flowering phase, the cannabis plant focusses on the formation and growth of the buds. During this time, growth in height is slowed down and the plant invests its energy in flower production.
Characteristics of flower growth:
- Blütenbildung: The Flowers begin to form at the nodes and grow into dense, resinous buds.
- Trichomentwicklung: Small, sticky resin glands, so-called trichomes, appear on the Flowers and surrounding leaves. These trichomes contain the valuable cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Appearance: The plant shows increased growth of the calyxes, which form larger inflorescences.
Tips for promoting flower growth:
- Lichtintensität: Ensure that the plants receive sufficient light. High-quality LED or HPS lamps can help to maximise flower development.
- Luftzirkulation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent mould growth and strengthen the plants.
Nutrient supply during Flower
An optimal nutrient supply is crucial during flowering development to keep plants healthy and ensure maximum flower growth. Nutrient requirements change during this phase and it is important to provide plants with the right nutrients.
Important nutrients for the Flower:
- Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is essential for flower formation and root development. It supports the transfer of energy within the plant and promotes the growth of inflorescences.
- Potassium (K): Potassium plays an important role in photosynthesis and the plant's water balance. It helps to strengthen the flower structure and improve the quality of the harvest.
- Mikronährstoffe: In addition to phosphorus and potassium, plants also need micronutrients such as magnesium, sulphur and calcium to support metabolic processes.
Fertilisers and their application:
- Blütendünger: Use special flower fertilisers that are rich in phosphorus and potassium to support flower development. These fertilisers are often available in liquid or powdered form and should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Dosierung: Take care not to over-fertilise the plants. Start with a lower dosage and increase it gradually if the plants respond well to it.
Bewässerung:
- Regular watering: The plants require even watering during this phase. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist but not soaked.
- pH-Wert: The pH value of the water should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 in order to optimise nutrient uptake.
By taking into account the specific needs of the plants during flower development and creating the right conditions, you can maximise flower growth and achieve a high-quality harvest.
Flower development (week 3-4)
During flowering development, the cannabis plant concentrates on further expanding its inflorescences. This phase is decisive for the quality and quantity of the harvest, as the basis for the later Flowers is formed here.
Growth of the inflorescences
In the third and fourth week of the flowering phase, the cannabis plant focusses on the formation and growth of the buds. During this time, growth in height is slowed down and the plant invests its energy in flower production.
Characteristics of flower growth:
- Blütenbildung: The Flowers begin to form at the nodes and grow into dense, resinous buds.
- Trichomentwicklung: Small, sticky resin glands, so-called trichomes, appear on the Flowers and surrounding leaves. These trichomes contain the valuable cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Appearance: The plant shows increased growth of the calyxes, which form larger inflorescences.
Tips for promoting flower growth:
- Lichtintensität: Ensure that the plants receive sufficient light. High-quality LED or HPS lamps can help to maximise flower development.
- Luftzirkulation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent mould growth and strengthen the plants.
Nutrient supply during Flower
An optimal nutrient supply is crucial during flowering development to keep plants healthy and ensure maximum flower growth. Nutrient requirements change during this phase and it is important to provide plants with the right nutrients.
Important nutrients for the Flower:
- Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is essential for flower formation and root development. It supports the transfer of energy within the plant and promotes the growth of inflorescences.
- Potassium (K): Potassium plays an important role in photosynthesis and the plant's water balance. It helps to strengthen the flower structure and improve the quality of the harvest.
- Mikronährstoffe: In addition to phosphorus and potassium, plants also need micronutrients such as magnesium, sulphur and calcium to support metabolic processes.
Fertilisers and their application:
- Blütendünger: Use special flower fertilisers that are rich in phosphorus and potassium to support flower development. These fertilisers are often available in liquid or powdered form and should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Dosierung: Take care not to over-fertilise the plants. Start with a lower dosage and increase it gradually if the plants respond well to it.
Bewässerung:
- Regular watering: The plants require even watering during this phase. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist but not soaked.
- pH-Wert: The pH value of the water should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 in order to optimise nutrient uptake.
By taking into account the specific needs of the plants during flowering development and creating the right conditions, you can maximise flower growth and achieve a high-quality harvest.
Harvest preparation (week 8-10)
In the final weeks of the flowering phase, from week 8 to 10, the cannabis plants prepare for harvest. This is a critical time for the plants to fully mature their Flowers and maximise the quality of the harvest.
Colour change of the trichomes
The trichomes, small resinous glands on the Flowers and surrounding leaves, are an important indicator of the plants' maturity. Their colour changes as the Flowers ripen, and this colour change can be used as a sign of when the plants are ready to harvest.
Phases of trichome change:
- Klar: At the beginning, the trichomes are clear and transparent. At this stage, the cannabinoids are not yet fully mature.
- Milchig: When the trichomes become milky or cloudy, this is a sign that the cannabinoids are reaching their peak. The Flowers are now more potent and contain a higher concentration of THC.
- Amber coloured: Amber-coloured trichomes indicate that the cannabinoids are beginning to break down, resulting in a more sedative effect. Many growers prefer a mixture of milky and amber-coloured trichomes for a balanced effects.
How to check the trichomes:
- Magnifying glass or microscope: Use a magnifying glass or portable microscope to look closely at the trichomes. Pay attention to the colour changes to determine the optimal harvest time.
Rinsing the plants before harvesting
Rinsing the plants, also known as flushing, is an important step in the preparation for harvest. This process helps to remove excess nutrients from the plant substrate and improves the flavour and quality of the Flowers.
Procedure for flushing:
- Zeitpunkt: Start flushing the plants about two weeks before the planned harvest. This gives the plants enough time to use up the remaining nutrients.
- Wasser: Use pure, pH-corrected water without additional nutrients. The pH value should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 to optimise nutrient absorption.
- Menge: Water the plants generously so that the water flows through the substrate and flushes out excess nutrients. Repeat this process several times during the flushing period.
Advantages of flushing:
- Improved flavour: By removing excess nutrients, the Flowers become less bitter and scratchy in flavour after harvesting.
- Better combustion: Well-rinsed Flowers burn more evenly and cleanly, resulting in a more pleasant smoking experience.
Monitoring the plants
During harvest preparation, it is important to monitor the plants regularly and ensure that they remain in optimum condition.
Checkpoints:
- Mould and pests: Look out for signs of mould or pest infestation and take appropriate measures if necessary.
- Humidity and temperature: Keep the humidity low to minimise the risk of mould growth and ensure a constant temperature in the growing room.
Through careful monitoring and care in the final weeks of the flowering phase, you can ensure that your cannabis plants reach their maximum potency and quality. Proper harvest preparation is the key to a successful and satisfying harvest.
Cannabis flowering stage light
Meaning of the 12/12 light cycle
The 12/12 light cycle is a key factor in initiating and maintaining the flowering phase in cannabis plants. In nature, the plant recognises the shorter times of day in autumn as a signal to flower. This is simulated in indoor cultivation by switching to a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark cycle.
Why 12/12?
- Blüteinduktion: The change from longer light periods (18 hours or more) to the 12/12 cycle signals to the plant that the time for flowering has arrived.
- Hormonauslösung: The dark cycle promotes the production of phytohormones such as florigen, which stimulate flower formation.
Initiation of the flowering phase
The flowering phase is initiated by adjusting the light cycle and is a crucial step in the cultivation process.
Steps to initiate Flower:
- Lichtumstellung: Switch the lighting from a vegetative cycle (18/6 or 24/0) to the flowering cycle (12/12). This means 12 hours of uninterrupted light and 12 hours of complete darkness.
- Timing: This change should be made abruptly to give the plant clear signals.
Observations after the changeover:
- Wachstumsschub: In the first two weeks after the changeover, the plants can experience a growth spurt, known as "stretching".
- Blütenbildung: The first signs of flower formation usually appear within 1-2 weeks after the changeover.
Maintaining the light cycle
A stable 12/12 light cycle is essential to successfully complete the flowering phase. Any interruption of the dark cycle can disrupt the flowering process and lead to problems such as hermaphroditism (development of male and female Flowers on the same plant).
Tips for maintaining the cycle:
- Lichtdichtheit: Make sure that the growing space is completely light-proof. Even small light leaks during the dark phase can stress the plants and disrupt the flowering process.
- Timers: Use reliable timers to precisely control the 12/12 cycle. This ensures that the plants consistently receive the required light and dark periods.
- Notbeleuchtung: Avoid any form of lighting in the grow room during the dark phase, including green lights, which are less harmful but can still cause disturbances.
Monitoring and customisation:
- Regular checks: Check regularly that the lighting is working correctly and that the room remains light-tight.
- Customisation in case of problems: If you notice that the plants are showing signs of stress or the flowering process is delayed, check the light cycle and rectify any problems immediately.
By properly initiating and consistently maintaining the 12/12 light cycle, you can ensure that your cannabis plants will bloom healthy and strong, ultimately resulting in a high-quality harvest.
Recognising the cannabis flowering phase
The ability to recognise the flowering phase in cannabis plants is crucial for successful cultivation. The first signs of the flowering phase are shown by characteristic changes in the plants. Here are the important features to look out for:
First signs of the flowering phase
The flowering phase typically begins within one to two weeks after the switch to the 12/12 light cycle. The plants show changes that signal that they are transitioning to Flower.
Characteristics of the early Flower:
- Changed growth: The plants slow down their vegetative growth and begin to invest their energy in flower formation.
- Sexual characteristics: The plants develop specific characteristics that indicate their sex, which is important for further care and sorting out unwanted plants.
Pistils in female plants
Female cannabis plants are the ones that produce the coveted Flowers. Female plants are identified by the appearance of pistils.
Recognisable features:
- White hairs (pestles): Female plants develop small, white hairs at the nodes where the branches meet the main stem. These hairs are the precursors of the Flowers and are known as pestles.
- Flower buds: These hairs grow from tiny, drop-shaped pre-flowers. In the course of the flowering phase, these pre-flowers develop into fully mature Flowers.
Meaning of the pestles:
- Blütenbildung: Pistils are a sure sign that the plant is female and will develop Flowers.
- Bestäubungsvermeidung: The identification and preservation of female plants is crucial to ensure an unpollinated harvest. Pollinated female plants produce seeds, which reduces the quality and potency of the Flowers.
Pollen sacs in male plants
Male cannabis plants do not produce usable Flowers, but pollen sacs that release pollen for pollination. It is important to identify and remove male plants at an early stage to prevent pollination of female plants.
Recognisable features:
- Round pollen sacks: Male plants develop round, spherical pollen sacs at the nodes. These pollen sacs appear in groups and increase in size over time.
- Missing pestles: In contrast to female plants, male plants do not develop white hairs.
Meaning of the pollen sacs:
- Bestäubung: The pollen sacs eventually open and release pollen that can pollinate female plants. This leads to seed production in the female Flowers.
- Entfernung: Once male plants are identified, they should be removed immediately to prevent pollination of the female plants. This ensures that the female plants can focus their energy on producing high-quality, unpollinated Flowers.
How to remove male plants:
- Careful removal: Remove the male plants carefully so as not to damage the female plants. It is best to remove the male plants as early as possible to avoid unwanted pollination.
By recognising and distinguishing the sex characteristics of cannabis plants at an early stage, growers can maximise the quality of their harvest. Observing the first signs of the flowering phase and removing male plants in time are crucial steps in this process.
Cannabis flowering phase Male vs Female
The distinction between male and female cannabis plants is crucial for successful cultivation. Male plants produce pollen, while female plants develop the coveted Flowers. Recognising and removing male plants in good time is important to ensure a high-quality harvest.
Differences between male and female plants
Male plants:
- Pollensäcke: Male plants develop round, spherical pollen sacs at the nodes where the branches meet the main stem. These sacs contain the pollen that is released to pollinate the female plants.
- Wachstumsmuster: Male plants tend to grow taller and thinner than female plants. They have longer internodes (distances between the nodes) and less bushy foliage.
- Blütenbildung: Male plants do not produce Flowers, but concentrate their energy on the production of pollen.
Female plants:
- Pistils: Female plants develop small, white hairs called pistils at the nodes. These hairs are the precursors of the Flowers and serve to absorb pollen if pollination takes place.
- Blütenstände: Female plants form dense inflorescences (buds) that are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Wachstumsmuster: Female plants grow bushier and more compact than male plants, with shorter internodes and more foliage.
Identification and removal of male plants
Gender recognition:
- Early stages: Already in the early stages of the flowering phase, typically in week 1-2 after the changeover to the 12/12 light cycle, the plants show their sexual characteristics. Watch the nodes carefully for signs of pollen sacs or pistils.
- Genauigkeit: Accurate identification often requires a magnifying glass or microscope to recognise the fine details of the sexual characteristics.
Steps for identification:
- Check the nodes: Examine the places where the branches meet the main stem to identify pollen sacs (male) or pestles (female).
- Note the growth pattern: Male plants tend to grow taller and have longer internodes, while female plants grow more compact and bushy.
Removal of male plants:
- Early removal: Once a plant has been identified as male, it should be removed immediately to prevent pollination of the female plants. Pollinated female plants produce seeds, which reduces the quality and potency of the Flowers.
- Gentle removal: Carefully pull the male plants out of the growing space to avoid releasing any pollen that may have already developed. It is advisable to put the plants in plastic bags before removing them to minimise the spread of pollen.
Procedure for removal:
- Mark the male plants: Mark the male plants clearly to avoid confusion.
- Isolate the plants: Carefully remove the male plants and place them in a separate room or outdoors, far away from the female plants.
- Disposal: Destroy the male plants by composting them or disposing of them safely to prevent unwanted pollination.
Nachkontrolle:
- Regular inspection: Check the remaining plants regularly for signs of hermaphroditism (development of both male and female traits on the same plant), especially if the plants have been exposed to stress.
- Ensuring femininity: Make sure that only female plants remain in the growing room to ensure a high-quality and unpollinated harvest.
By carefully identifying and removing male plants, you can maximise the quality and potency of your crop. Female plants that flower undisturbed will produce the best and most abundant Flowers, ultimately leading to a successful crop.
Fazit
The distinction between male and female cannabis plants is crucial for the success of the cultivation. Male plants produce pollen that leads to the pollination of female plants, which can affect the quality of the harvest. Female plants, on the other hand, produce the coveted Flowers, which are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.
Early detection and removal male plants is therefore essential. The pollen sacs of male plants and the pistils of female plants are the most important features to look out for. Through careful observation and precise identification, male plants can be removed in time to prevent pollination.
Consistent monitoring of the plants during the flowering phase and adherence to best practices for removing male plants contribute significantly to the quality and potency of the harvest. Only by maintaining a crop of all-female plants can it be ensured that the Flowers are unpollinated and of the highest quality. This ultimately leads to a successful and high-yielding harvest that reflects the effort and care of the grower.
